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English · Ethics in Business

Obligation, necessity, prohibition & absence of obligation

Must, have to, mustn't and needn't in company policy

  • Foreign languages important
  • Literature and philosophy important
  • Experimental sciences important
  • Mathematics important
  • Engineering important
  • Management and economics important

6 minutes

The academic content is in Arabic, as at the BAC and as in the app.

What the syllabus expects from you

  • must/have to (obligation), mustn't (prohibition), needn't/don't have to (absence of obligation)
  • Distinguishing internal obligation (must) from external rule (have to)

The method

  1. Test: can I drop the rule without consequence? → needn't/don't have to; is it forbidden? → mustn't

The common mistakes

  • mustn't used for 'absence of obligation' instead of needn't

From the lesson

The company's code of conduct is clear: "Staff mustn't accept gifts from suppliers." Breaking this rule is a serious offense.

The vocabulary

  • must/mustn't (يجب/يُمنع)
  • needn't (لا حاجة إلى)

Builds on